Chronic Kidney Disease

Disease State Hub

From the Journal

Case in point

A Potential Alternative Therapy for MPO-ANCA Vasculitis With IVIG in a Patient with COVID-19

03/17/2024

Resham Khan, MD; Mohammad Zafar, MD; Bianca Leuzzi, MD

The presenting patient is a 76-year-old woman with a history of duodenal ulcers status post perforation, subsequent repair via ex-laparotomy, multiple gastrointestinal bleeds, chronic anemia, and chronic...

03/17/2024

Case In Point

Valacyclovir-Associated Neurotoxicity in a Patient With Kidney Failure

02/13/2023

Valacyclovir is generally well-tolerated; however, several reports of neurotoxicity have been described in patients with and without underlying renal impairment. Despite these reports, valacyclovir-induced...

02/13/2023

Photo Quiz

Progressive Renal Failure in a 24-Year-Old Man

03/17/2022

A 20-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 3- to 4-week history of worsening dyspnea upon exertion, lower extremity edema, weakness, anorexia, and vomiting.

03/17/2022

Chronic Kidney Disease Snapshot

Reviewed by James Matera, DO

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CKD is the progressive loss of kidney function, which filters waste products from the blood and maintains fluid balance by producing urine. Advanced CKD can cause dangerous levels of fluid, electolytes, and nitrogenous waste to build up in the body.

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CKD may lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and early death. CKD can also be called chronic kidney failure or chronic renal insufficiency. CKD is classified into 5 levels, based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

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Nephrologist, Nutritionist, Primary Care Physician, Transplant Surgeon

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nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness, sleep problems, urinating more or less, decreased mental sharpness, muscle cramps, swelling of feet and ankles, dry, itchy skin, hypertension, shortness of breath, chest pain

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Serum Creatinine Blood Test: Creatinine is a waste product from the normal use of muscles in the body. The serum creatinine level increases if the kidneys are not functioning properly. Creatinine level > 1.2 for women and > 1.4 for men is considered elevated.

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eGFR measures kidney function. Creatinine level, age, and sex are used to calculate eGFR. As kidney disease progresses, eGFR decreases. eGFR <60 ml/min is generally below normal limits and <15 ml/min is generally considered advanced kidney failure.

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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, which is a waste product that the body creates from breaking down protein in food. Healthy kidneys filter urea nitrogen out of the blood, and it exits the body through urine.

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BUN (continued): Normal levels of urea nitrogen depend on age and other factors and generally range from 7 to 20. As kidney disease progresses, the BUN level increases.

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CKD is slightly more common in women compared with men and more common in Black adults compared with White or Asian adults.

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38% of people aged 65 years or older have CKD, 12% of people aged 45 to 64 years have CKD, and 6% of people aged 18 to 44 years have CKD.

Research Summaries

Research Summary

Can Statins Reduce Mortality Risk Among Older Adults With Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease?

09/24/2024

Miranda Manier, BA

Researchers developed a cohort study of more than 14,000 participants to determine whether there is an association between statin initiation and a reduced risk of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular...

09/24/2024

Research Summary

Large Case Series Identifies Key Clinical, Pathological Characteristics of Patients With Oxalate Nephropathy

05/24/2024

Anthony Calabro, MA

Oxalate nephropathy is a commonly underrecognized cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease with multiple etiologies, including primary hyperoxaluria, enteric hyperoxaluria, or ingestion...

05/24/2024

RESEARCH SUMMARY

Study Points to Renal Dysfunction as a Potential Risk Factor for Relapse, Biomarker in Patients With NMOSD

05/20/2024

Anthony Calabro, MA

Researchers set out to determine whether renal function could be used as both a predictor of relapse risk for patients with their first onset of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-seropositive...

05/20/2024

research summary

Urine, Plasma Oxalate in Children With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1

02/28/2024

Leigh Precopio

Individuals with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 are at an increased risk of urinary stone disease, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney disease due to increased hepatic oxalate production. Researchers...

02/28/2024

FDA ALERT

FDA Approves Nedosiran for Patients 9 Years of Age and Older With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1

01/29/2024

Anthony Calabro, MA

The once-monthly RNA interference injection medication received FDA approval based on results from the phase II PHYOX2 clinical trial and phase III PHYOX3 extension study.

01/29/2024

December 2024

Current Issue

December 2024

Volume 64

Issue 12

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